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Great horned owl hoots from a broken desert snag

A great horned owl perched on the broken tip of a bare branch against a pale blue-gray sky, head turned to the right, ear tufts raised and white throat showing, with thin twigs at the right edge.

Footage: Pachuco'sArt/The Desert Whisperer · 0:53 · uploaded February 4, 2018
Written by My Crittercam · published November 6, 2026

The Story

A great horned owl stands on the broken tip of a bare branch, ear tufts raised, white throat bright against a pale desert sky. It sends low hoots out over the brush.

It is still light, which is a gift. This is a bird that hunts mostly at night, and a pair trading calls is often heard on dark winter evenings or before dawn. Here the whole exchange happens in the open, yellow eyes and barred belly in plain view.

Those hoots are built to carry. The species' song is a run of low, far-carrying notes, hoo, hoo-hoo, hoo, hoo, the second and third notes shorter. In a duet the female usually opens and the male answers at a lower pitch, and the two may call back and forth or overlap. The calling does real work: breeding pairs hold territories, and hooting mainly sets where one pair's ground ends.

Early on, the owl lets a dropping fall from the perch. Courtship, apparently, makes room for housekeeping.

Then the call is answered in person. Near the end a second owl flies in, and the pair mate on the spot, over in a few seconds.

That calling belongs to a long breeding calendar. Great horned owls breed between November and April, nesting later at higher latitudes, and in the north they may start in late winter. They build little themselves. A pair typically takes over an old hawk, eagle, crow or heron nest 20 to 60 feet up, or settles on a cliff ledge or in a cave. The usual clutch is two or three eggs, and the female does most of the 28 to 35 days of incubation.

Desert is no stretch for this owl, which turns up in nearly every North American habitat, from swamps to deserts to northern conifer forest near treeline. At nesting time it needs some trees or heavy brush for cover, and the brush at the edges of this frame qualifies.

Field Guide

A great horned owl hoots from a bare branch in desert daylight until a second owl flies in and the pair mate. Full field guide for the Great Horned Owl

Common nameGreat Horned Owl
Scientific nameBubo virginianus
FamilyStrigidae
SizeLength: 18-24 in (46-63 cm); female largerNational Audubon Society
Wingspan3 ft 4 in-4 ft 9 in (1.02-1.45 m)National Audubon Society
Weight32-88 oz (910 g-2.5 kg); females average about 1.7 kg, males 1.3 kgNational Audubon Society · Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
Active whenHunts mostly at night, sometimes at duskNational Audubon Society
DietVaried, mostly mammals and birds: rats, mice, rabbits, skunks, some birds up to the size of geeseNational Audubon Society
RangeFound almost throughout North America and much of South America; no regular migrationNational Audubon Society
LifespanAverage 13 years in the wild; wild record 28 years; captive record 35 yearsAnimal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
Conservation statusIUCN Red List: Least Concern; population 5,700,000 (Audubon)National Audubon Society · Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
Cam notes · Time of daydaylight
Cam notes · Seasonlate fall or winter
Cam notes · Placedesert brush, open sky

Habitat

Behavior

Questions

Why do two owls hoot back and forth?

A pair calls in duet, the female usually hooting first and the male replying at a lower pitch. They may trade or overlap calls, often on dark winter evenings and before dawn.BirdNote · BirdNote

Is all that hooting near my house a mating call?

Males hoot throughout the year, but females hoot only during mating season. For breeding pairs, hooting mainly sets the limits of their territory.Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

How big is a great horned owl?

It is 18-24 in (46-63 cm) long, with a wingspan of 3 ft 4 in to 4 ft 9 in. Females are larger than males.National Audubon Society

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